Membrane Separation is a process that selective separates (particles) materials through small pores or minute openings in the solid molecular structure of such material. Particles can be "fused" into other materials through this process. Membrane separation has many applications in industries such as petroleum, petrochemical, pharmaceuticals, and food and chemical manufacturing. This separation process is also widely used to separate solids from liquids and gases. It is important that this separation occurs with a high degree of efficiency and the least amount of damage to the materials being separated.
The primary application of membrane separation involves the mechanical filtering of oils, grease, and other organic pollutants. Membrane filters must have a very fine pore size due to the organic contaminants. They must also be able to trap most of the organic pollutants before they can enter into the other materials. The fine pore size of these membrane materials will mean that any energy leakage from the membrane will be captured by the filters. There are three major considerations when considering membrane separations for mechanical filtration. The first consideration is the size of the pores being used. The second consideration is the size of the pore to allow for the mechanical filtration of molecules. The third and final consideration is the molecular weight of the molecules being filtered.
Carbon-based filtration is one of the most common forms of membrane separation technologies. Carbon-based filtration systems are typically used in the environmental testing of water for toxicity and contamination purposes. Carbon-based membranes can also be found in the dietary supplements industry. There are a number of applications for carbon-based filtration. These applications include carbon nano-materials for topical and oral applications and carbon nanotubes for manufacturing lubricants, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. Membrane permeable membranes have two major advantages over other forms of membrane filtration. First, the permeability of these materials allows for the removal of larger particulates such as heavy metals. Furthermore, these separations can form mechanical filtration by removing insoluble materials and soluble organics without removing the essential surface oils and greases. Membrane-based separations include such membranes as silica, ceramic, quartz, and titanium. There are also other composite materials that exhibit some of these same characteristics.
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