Thyroid eye disease is a type of autoimmune disease which causes inflammation of the skin, muscles, and fatty tissue around the eyes. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system wrongly attacks a normally healthy portion of our body. Muscle inflammation and swelling caused by thyroid eye disease may cause double vision and severe eye pain. Untreated or poorly managed thyroid eye disease can lead to permanent damage to the eye. Recently, in January 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Horizon Therapeutics Ireland DAC’s Tepezza for thyroid eye disease treatment.
One common type of thyroid condition that is called Hashimoto's thyroiditis, affects about three million people in the U.S. It is caused by an overactive thyroid, which makes the body's thyroid hormone levels go out of control. This can lead to serious health problems, such as constipation, fatigue, depression, and even restless sleep. Thyroid eye disease treatment is similar to that of any other autoimmune disorder, such as diabetes, arthritis, Lupus, or multiple sclerosis. Another common thyroid eye disease is ataxia. Ataxia is a muscle or movement disorder, which means the patient is not able to coordinate their limbs. The symptoms typically begin in the active phase of the disease, however, symptoms rarely go away in that phase. A physician will test the patient for a milder form of ataxia and treat it depending on its severity.
Glaucoma is a disease where patients have severe cases of vision loss. The vision is very blurry, making it impossible for them to see close objects. Glaucoma is usually caused by the build-up of eye fluid and is treated differently depending on its severity. It can cause temporary blindness, or permanent vision loss if surgery is required. Thyroid eye diseases are very common in women and generally have no symptoms at all. Some women do not experience any symptoms at all.
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